Alfred McDougal is President of ALM Corporation, a business management services company. Mr. McDougal was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of McDougal, Littell & Company until its acquisition by the Company in March 1994. Other Business Affiliations: Past Chairman of the Northern Illinois Business Association and of the School Division of the Association of American Publishers, and a former director of the Association of American Publishers; governor of Yale University Press; director of Hubbard Street Dance Company and Opportunity International.